Mario Krenn, Robert Fickler, Marcus Huber, Radek Lapkiewicz, William Plick, Sven Ramelow, Anton Zeilinger
Photons with higher order spatial structures open up the possibility for fundamental highdimensional quantum experiments and quantum information tasks. The most commonly used set of this type is the Laguerre-Gauss family - rotationally symmetric modes with a central singularity that carry orbital angular momentum. Here we show for the first time entanglement of the generalised elliptically-symmetric modes called Ince-Gauss. The Laguerre-Gauss modes emerge as a special case for vanishing ellipticity. For nonzero ellipticity the central singularity splits into individual singularities. Their positions as well as those of additional singularities in the outer parts of the modes can be tuned by modifying the ellipticity. We verify 2-dimensional and 3-dimensional entanglement of Ince-Gauss modes and measure an Ince-Gauss specific quantum-correlation function with possible use in future quantum communication protocols. These entanglement experiments confirm that when one photon is projected into a state with a specific singularity pattern, its entangled partner is also projected into a specific singularity pattern while neither carried such singularities before.
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http://arxiv.org/abs/1205.2514
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