F. Caruso, V. Giovannetti, C. Lupo, S. Mancini
Any physical process can be represented as a quantum channel mapping an initial state into a final state. Hence it can be characterized from the point of view of communication theory. Recently a lot of efforts have been devoted to encompass memory effects within this approach. It is usually meant that memory effects arise when the application of a channel on several inputs is not merely the result of identical and independent maps. Alternatively, if the channel is defined by its infinitesimal generator in a continuous-time description, one refers as well to memory effects if such an evolution is non-Markovian. The consideration of such effects has given rise to more powerful tools than the traditional quantum channel approaches for describing quantum information processes. Moreover it constitutes a fertile ground where interesting novel phenomena emerge at the intersection of quantum information theory with other branches of physics. Recent developments in the field of quantum channels and memory effects are here reviewed.
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http://arxiv.org/abs/1207.5435
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