Morgan M. Weston, Michael J. W. Hall, Matthew S. Palsson, Howard M. Wiseman, Geoff J. Pryde
The principle of complementarity is fundamental to quantum mechanics, and restricts the degrees of accuracy with which incompatible quantum observables can be jointly measured. Despite popular conception, the well-known Heisenberg uncertainty relation does not quantify this principle. Here we report the first experimental investigation of universally valid complementarity relations --- also known as joint measurement uncertainty relations --- and also derive a new, improved, complementarity relation. Our tests exploited Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen-type correlations between two photonic qubits, to jointly measure incompatible observables for one of them. We demonstrate not only that the universally valid relations always hold, but that practical situations exist where the product of the measurement inaccuracies is sufficiently low to violate a widely used, but not universally valid, relation.
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http://arxiv.org/abs/1211.0370
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