Satyan G. Bhongale, Ludwig Mathey, Erhai Zhao, Susanne F. Yelin, Mikhail Lemeshko
We introduce a new platform for quantum simulation of many-body systems based on nonspherical particles with zero dipole moment but possessing a significant value of the electric quadrupole moment. Considering a quadrupolar quantum gas trapped on a 2D square lattice, we show that the peculiar symmetry and broad tunability of the quadrupole-quadrupole interactions results in a rich phase diagram encompassing unconventional BCS and charge density wave phases, and paves the way to create topological superfluid ground states of $p_x+ip_y$ symmetry. Quadrupolar species, such as metastable alkaline-earth atoms and homonuclear molecules, are stable against chemical reactions and collapse and are readily available in experiment at high densities.
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http://arxiv.org/abs/1211.3317
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