Hao Zhang, Robert McConnell, Senka Ćuk, Qian Lin, Monika H. Schleier-Smith, Ian D. Leroux, Vladan Vuletić
For mesoscopic ensembles containing 100 or more atoms we measure the total atom number and the number of atoms in a specific hyperfine state with single-atom resolution. The measurement detects the atom-induced shift of the resonance frequency of an optical cavity containing the ensemble. This work extends the range of cavity-based detection with single-atom resolution by more than an order of magnitude in atom number, and provides the readout capability necessary for Heisenberg-limited interferometry with atomic ensembles.
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http://arxiv.org/abs/1203.3160
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