S. Hughes, H. J. Carmichael
Achieving population inversion in solid-state two-level systems like quantum dots in semiconductor cavities could lead to fundamentally new regimes of light-matter interaction and the development of miniaturized non-classical light sources at telecom frequencies. Here we show that phonon-induced scattering between a driven cavity mode and a quantum dot can promote the exciton to a regime of pronounced steady-state population inversion. Using a polaron-based master equation, we demonstrate excited-state populations above 0.9 in an InAs dot at a phonon bath temperature of 4 K. The mechanism of inversion is phonon-mediated switching between ground- and excited-state branches of the multi-photon ladder of states. Quantum trajectory simulations extend this qualitative interpretation to a quantitatively realistic model.
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http://arxiv.org/abs/1210.0488
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