M. A. Garcia-March, Lincoln D. Carr
We study macroscopic superpositions in the orbital rather than the spatial degrees of freedom, in a three-dimensional double-well system. We show that the ensuing dynamics of $N$ interacting excited ultracold bosons, which in general requires at least eight single-particle modes and $\mathcal{O}(N^7)$ Fock states for large $N$, is described by a surprisingly small set of many-body states. An initial state with half the atoms in each well, and purposely excited in one of them, gives rise to the tunneling of axisymmetric and transverse vortex structures. This process generates macroscopic superpositions only distinguishable by their orbital properties and within experimentally realistic times.
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http://arxiv.org/abs/1203.3206
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