Qian Yang, Jia-Jun Ma, Fen-Zhuo Guo, Qiao-Yan Wen
In this paper, we present a semi-loss-tolerant strong quantum coin-flipping protocol using quantum non-demolition (QND) measurement, obtaining the recent best bias of 0.3536. Furthermore, we make use of the single photon as a single qubit avoiding the difficult implement of EPR resources, so that it is of great simplicity to construct three-party, four-party and a more normal N-party dice rolling protocol, including the parallel and serial ones different in time complexity. The protocol is fair in the sense that every player has the same probability of success in cheating attempts at biasing the outcome of the dice rolling. We also analyze explicit and optimal cheating strategies and get the best result among dice rolling protocols considering loss.
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http://arxiv.org/abs/1212.3965
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